Discussions of the individual substance concern metaphysical and cosmological distinctions. The old term “atom” in kalām does not map straightforwardly onto the particle physics of the present.
Distinctions and context
Secondary summaries relate substance, primordial matter, and the Breath. A modern reconstruction should identify where it departs from the source and refrain from treating a disputed text as a verified witness.
Research question
Is the passage in the Futuhat or a text of uncertain attribution, and is the term used in kalām or an interpretive register?
Source trail and evidence status
- Secondary dictionary entryالمعجم الصوفي — مدخل 18 ↗
- Discovery catalogue, not a verified witnessمفاهيم ومصطلحات الفتوحات — فهرس سياقي ↗
- Discovery catalogue, not a verified witnessفهرس المخطوطات — بحث مستقل عن الشاهد ↗