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Path and sainthood

The substitutes (abdāl)

الأبدال

Editorial review pending

Abdāl is polysemous: it can describe people whose reprehensible qualities have been transformed or particular groups in transmitted hierarchies. Counts and classifications differ between reports.

Distinctions and context

The dedicated Futmak entry tracks chapters 15–16 and located Cairo/Maymaniya pages beginning at I, 154. The discussion separates reported hierarchies from independently established biographical facts.

Research question

Which use of abdāl occurs here, and is a number being reported as another group’s opinion?

Source trail and evidence status

Sources and verification guide ↗